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Urban solid waste treatment methods
Release time:2025 / 06 / 23 11:23:44

Generally speaking, solid waste has the potential for development and utilization. In China, the annual discharge of industrial waste residue and waste minerals amounts to 600 million tons. These solid wastes contain a large amount of metals, rare metals and building materials, which can still be developed and utilized. The social accumulation of waste metal resources reaches 600 million tons, and at least 35 million tons can be recycled each year, with a value of over 220 million yuan. Cities have a large amount of domestic waste, which contains recyclable paper, fibers, metals and glass, etc. In some cities, solid waste treatment can be incinerated to generate heat for power generation and heating. Garbage with high organic content (such as feces) can be fermented to collect biogas in a centralized manner, which can be used for power generation or gas supply. 

Environmental-friendly recycling treatment methods for lead-containing hazardous solid waste 

Lead-tin alloy solder is widely used in the manufacturing process of electronic information products. During the soldering process, a large amount of oxide slag is produced due to high-temperature oxidation. The main component of the oxide slag is lead-tin oxide, which is a lead-containing hazardous solid waste. Its unregulated discharge poses a significant threat to human health and the environment, and it falls under the category of hazardous solid waste that is subject to mandatory national management. 

The principles of urban solid waste treatment experiments and recycling processing 

The direct heating separation method is generally used to deal with waste solder slag. However, this method not only has a low recovery rate but also causes secondary environmental pollution due to the direct release of "lead fumes" into the atmosphere. It has now been banned. This paper adopts the liquid covering reduction technology, which not only effectively suppresses the volatilization of "lead fumes" but also reduces tin-lead oxides, achieving a recovery rate of over 90% for waste solder slag. This approach not only protects the environment but also improves the recycling rate of resources, with ideal results. 

The application of heating, liquid covering and reduction techniques not only enables the reduction of tin-lead oxides, but also, due to the relatively low processing temperature, does not generate lead fumes or other harmful gases. The reduction process of tin-lead oxides is as follows: 

PbOx+R=Pb+OR(1)SnOy+R=Sn+OR(2)

In the formula, PbOx represents lead oxide, R is the liquid reducing agent, Pb is reduced lead, OR is the oxide, SnOy is tin oxide, and Sn is reduced tin. 

In the above-mentioned recycling treatment process of municipal solid waste, a liquid covering reducing agent has been successfully adopted. This reducing agent is a non-toxic organic material and a biodegradable substance. Both the agent itself and its oxides are harmless to humans and the environment. 

The liquid covering reduction process for treating waste solder, on the one hand, keeps the temperature below 240℃, which is much lower than the temperature of 400℃ above at which lead fumes are produced. On the other hand, the surface coverage of the liquid reducing agent effectively inhibits the escape of lead fumes. Thus, not only are the lead and tin oxides in the solder slag effectively reduced, but also the pollution of residues and lead fumes to the environment is effectively avoided.

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